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Les Africains en terre d'Islam hors d'Afrique
1/Les Afro-Arabes
Wikipedia
Afro-Arab (sometimes referred to as African Arab) refers to people who possess both black African and Arab ancestry.[1] There are large communities of Afro-Arabs in East Africa, North Africa and some Middle Eastern countries as well as, through recent migrations, Western Europe.
The phrase "Afro-Arab" also refers to African Union efforts to improve co-operation between Africa and countries of the Arab world.[2]
[edit] History
A mounted Janjaweed miltiaman from Sudan.The Arabs of the Middle East have very old connections to the African continent, and in addition more than half the Arab world now exists in Africa (in terms of area, and possibly population too), i.e. from Egypt and Sudan in the east to Mauritania in the west, although much of the North African population are Berbers (a separate, native ethnic group speaking an Afro-Asiatic language) or Arabized Berbers. The Islamic world covers even more area, ie. Nigeria in the west and many other West African nations too. So this intermingling of peoples from the African continent, along with the spread of Islam, has resulted in large populations of African Arab peoples covering a vast area of Africa. Present-day Sudan is home to millions of Arabs, with 40% of the population identifying themselves under the ethnic group of 'Arabs' even though the option of 'Afro-Arabs' is also available. Afro-Arabs within the Middle East itself are for the most part descendants of African slaves who were brought there during the arab slave trade.[3][4]
East Africa hosts a significant Afro-Arab population, especially along the Swahili coast, such as in Zanzibar,Eritrea, Mombasa, Lamu, Malindi, the Comoros, Bagamoyo, and Ujiji.[5][6]
The Darfur conflict is among Arabic and non-Arabic speaking black Africans of many ethnicities in Sudan.[7][8][9]
[edit] Culture
In the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, descendants of East Africans from Tanzania and Zanzibar perform Liwa and Fann At-Tanbura music and dance [10][11]. Mizmar (dance) is performed in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia
2/Les Afro-Turcs
Afro-Turks
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Afro-Turks
Total population
c. 800,000 - 2 million
Regions with significant populations
Istanbul, Ankara
Languages
Turkish
Religion
Islam and Christianity
Afro-Turks, African Turks, or Turkish Africans are people of African descent in Turkey. "Afro-Turk" is a neologism; they have been colloquially named as Arap in Turkish, and are now also referred to as Afrika kökenli Türkler[1].
An African soldier of the Ottoman EmpireBeginning several centuries ago, a number of sub-Saharan Africans, usually via Zanzibar and from places in Kenya, Sudan, Ghana, Nigeria[2] were brought by Turkish slave traders during the Ottoman Empire to plantations around Ayvalık, Manavgat, Dalaman, Menderes and Gediz valleys, and Çukurova. Some of their descendants remain, mixed with the rest of the population in these areas, and many migrated to larger cities.[3] These factors make it difficult to guess the number of Turks of African ancestry.
Mustafa Olpak, a writer and prominent Afro-Turk, estimates that 2,000,000 of African ancestry live on the littoral between Antalya and İstanbul [4]. In 2006, Olpak founded the first officially recognised organisation of Afro-Turks, the Africans' Culture and Solidarity Society (Afrikalılar Kültür ve Dayanışma Derneği) in Ayvalık.[3] The opening ceremony was attended by Ali Moussa Iye, the Chief of UNESCO Slave Routes Project [5][6]. One aim is to promote studies of the oral history of Afro-Turks, a community history that has been ignored by official historiography in Turkey. Olpak's story is told in the Turkish film Baa Baa Black Girl[7], which discusses how his African grandfather was purchased as a household slave by an Turkish family, and later moved to Istanbul after the Turkish Revolution in 1922.[8]
[edit] Notable Afro Turks
Elvan Abeylegesse, track star
Kuzgun Acar, sculptor
Mansur Ark, musician
Mehmet Aurelio, footballer
Fercani Bey, footballer
Esmeray, singer
Tuğçe Güder, top model and actress
Ahmet Kostarika, actor
Zenci Musa, politician
Mustafa Olpak, writer
Vahap Özaltay, footballer
Dursune Şirin, actress
İbrahim Şirin, classical Ottoman musician
Sait Sökmen, ballet dancer
Melis Sökmen, actress
Cenk Sökmen, musician
Sibel Sürel, ballerina
Hadi Türkmen, former head of the Turkish Football Federation
Cetin Uludag, Head Tribesmen
Sadri Usuoğlu, football manager
Mustafa Yıldız known as "Arap Mustafa", weightlifter
Colin Kazim-Richards, English Born Professional Footballer With Turkish Descent
3/Les Afro-Iraniens
Allempires
An Afro-Iranian woman
Some relate Africans of Iran to the Thonga-Bantu cultures of southeastern Africa and it is said that these blacks were brought to the Persian Gulf by Portuguese slave traders as early as the sixteenth century, they are called Ahl-i Hava (Followers of the winds), they worship the Winds and drink the fresh blood because they believe that the drinking of fresh blood will bring down the Wind! However they are very poor people and may look uncivilized but native Iranians of southern Iran have been greatly influenced by African culture of these peoples, for example popular music of Bandari which is considered to be an Iranian or Arabic music, is in fact an African music. (a sample of Bandari Music)
4/Les Afro-Pakistanais:
BBCNEWS
One of the Pakistan's smallest ethnic communities is made up of people of African origin, known as Sidi.
The African-Pakistanis live in Karachi and other parts of the Sindh and Baluchistan provinces in abject poverty, but they rarely complain of discrimination.
The Sidi community is very poor
Although this small Muslim community is not on the verge of extinction, their growing concern is how to maintain their distinct African identity in the midst of the dominating South Asian cultures.
Centuries ago the Sidis' forefathers came to South Asia. Some say they were slaves, others think they were warriors.
The tiny community of African-Pakistanis have become fully integrated into the local way of life.
Mangopir festival
Ghulam Akbar's family members are even ardent cricket fans.
But as a Sidi elder, Mr Akbar is the custodian of an ancient tradition. And for two days every year the community's African roots come alive.
Akbar: The festival continues as it did in the time of our forefathers
A combination of celebration and prayer that has retained a distinct African beat through the centuries, the annual Mangopir festival, is held in honour of a Muslim saint near the city of Karachi.
The festival attracts people from all ethnic groups, but its colourful rituals remain the preserve of the Sidi tribe, giving it a uniquely African flavour.
"The festival that we have here continues as it did in the time of our forefathers. I think this festival is different from any other event in the world," says Mr Akbar.
Crocodile disciples
It is different indeed. The crocodiles outside the shrine are considered special disciples of the Sufi Saint Baba Mangopir, and Sidis believe they will not harm the saint's followers.
The festival kicks off as young Sidi girls come out with specially prepared offerings for the crocodiles that live near the shrine.
The devotees dance and pray together in a rising frenzy of piety
The march towards the crocodile pond begins, with elder women singing on the African drumbeat in a language that no one else can understand.
Sidis say it is a mixture of a Swahili dialect and a local language, Baluchi.
As the dancing continues, the elders from the community approach dozens of the crocodiles without any fear.
According to the ritual the elders first offer the oldest crocodile meat from a freshly sacrificed goat.
The offering is hungrily accepted, which means the coming year will pass in peace.
Roots unknown
No one can say for sure which part of Africa these people came from, or how much of these customs they brought with them.
But the Sidi festival shows how uniquely these ancient African customs have blended with Islamic mysticism in this part of the world.
For two days and nights, the devotees dance and pray together in a rising frenzy of piety and passion.
But for the Sidis, this festival is also a time to revisit their cultural heritage, and may be the only thing that still connects them to Africa.
Il ya aussi les Afro-Berberes et des Afro-Arabes qui sont cependant en Afrique biensur
5/a/Afro-Berberes de Tunisie
5/a/Afro-Berberes d'Algerie
5/b/Afro-Arabes du Maroc
5/b/Afro-Arabes de Libye
Wikipedia
Afro-Arab (sometimes referred to as African Arab) refers to people who possess both black African and Arab ancestry.[1] There are large communities of Afro-Arabs in East Africa, North Africa and some Middle Eastern countries as well as, through recent migrations, Western Europe.
The phrase "Afro-Arab" also refers to African Union efforts to improve co-operation between Africa and countries of the Arab world.[2]
[edit] History
A mounted Janjaweed miltiaman from Sudan.The Arabs of the Middle East have very old connections to the African continent, and in addition more than half the Arab world now exists in Africa (in terms of area, and possibly population too), i.e. from Egypt and Sudan in the east to Mauritania in the west, although much of the North African population are Berbers (a separate, native ethnic group speaking an Afro-Asiatic language) or Arabized Berbers. The Islamic world covers even more area, ie. Nigeria in the west and many other West African nations too. So this intermingling of peoples from the African continent, along with the spread of Islam, has resulted in large populations of African Arab peoples covering a vast area of Africa. Present-day Sudan is home to millions of Arabs, with 40% of the population identifying themselves under the ethnic group of 'Arabs' even though the option of 'Afro-Arabs' is also available. Afro-Arabs within the Middle East itself are for the most part descendants of African slaves who were brought there during the arab slave trade.[3][4]
East Africa hosts a significant Afro-Arab population, especially along the Swahili coast, such as in Zanzibar,Eritrea, Mombasa, Lamu, Malindi, the Comoros, Bagamoyo, and Ujiji.[5][6]
The Darfur conflict is among Arabic and non-Arabic speaking black Africans of many ethnicities in Sudan.[7][8][9]
[edit] Culture
In the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, descendants of East Africans from Tanzania and Zanzibar perform Liwa and Fann At-Tanbura music and dance [10][11]. Mizmar (dance) is performed in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia
2/Les Afro-Turcs
Afro-Turks
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Afro-Turks
Total population
c. 800,000 - 2 million
Regions with significant populations
Istanbul, Ankara
Languages
Turkish
Religion
Islam and Christianity
Afro-Turks, African Turks, or Turkish Africans are people of African descent in Turkey. "Afro-Turk" is a neologism; they have been colloquially named as Arap in Turkish, and are now also referred to as Afrika kökenli Türkler[1].
An African soldier of the Ottoman EmpireBeginning several centuries ago, a number of sub-Saharan Africans, usually via Zanzibar and from places in Kenya, Sudan, Ghana, Nigeria[2] were brought by Turkish slave traders during the Ottoman Empire to plantations around Ayvalık, Manavgat, Dalaman, Menderes and Gediz valleys, and Çukurova. Some of their descendants remain, mixed with the rest of the population in these areas, and many migrated to larger cities.[3] These factors make it difficult to guess the number of Turks of African ancestry.
Mustafa Olpak, a writer and prominent Afro-Turk, estimates that 2,000,000 of African ancestry live on the littoral between Antalya and İstanbul [4]. In 2006, Olpak founded the first officially recognised organisation of Afro-Turks, the Africans' Culture and Solidarity Society (Afrikalılar Kültür ve Dayanışma Derneği) in Ayvalık.[3] The opening ceremony was attended by Ali Moussa Iye, the Chief of UNESCO Slave Routes Project [5][6]. One aim is to promote studies of the oral history of Afro-Turks, a community history that has been ignored by official historiography in Turkey. Olpak's story is told in the Turkish film Baa Baa Black Girl[7], which discusses how his African grandfather was purchased as a household slave by an Turkish family, and later moved to Istanbul after the Turkish Revolution in 1922.[8]
[edit] Notable Afro Turks
Elvan Abeylegesse, track star
Kuzgun Acar, sculptor
Mansur Ark, musician
Mehmet Aurelio, footballer
Fercani Bey, footballer
Esmeray, singer
Tuğçe Güder, top model and actress
Ahmet Kostarika, actor
Zenci Musa, politician
Mustafa Olpak, writer
Vahap Özaltay, footballer
Dursune Şirin, actress
İbrahim Şirin, classical Ottoman musician
Sait Sökmen, ballet dancer
Melis Sökmen, actress
Cenk Sökmen, musician
Sibel Sürel, ballerina
Hadi Türkmen, former head of the Turkish Football Federation
Cetin Uludag, Head Tribesmen
Sadri Usuoğlu, football manager
Mustafa Yıldız known as "Arap Mustafa", weightlifter
Colin Kazim-Richards, English Born Professional Footballer With Turkish Descent
3/Les Afro-Iraniens
Allempires
An Afro-Iranian woman
Some relate Africans of Iran to the Thonga-Bantu cultures of southeastern Africa and it is said that these blacks were brought to the Persian Gulf by Portuguese slave traders as early as the sixteenth century, they are called Ahl-i Hava (Followers of the winds), they worship the Winds and drink the fresh blood because they believe that the drinking of fresh blood will bring down the Wind! However they are very poor people and may look uncivilized but native Iranians of southern Iran have been greatly influenced by African culture of these peoples, for example popular music of Bandari which is considered to be an Iranian or Arabic music, is in fact an African music. (a sample of Bandari Music)
4/Les Afro-Pakistanais:
BBCNEWS
One of the Pakistan's smallest ethnic communities is made up of people of African origin, known as Sidi.
The African-Pakistanis live in Karachi and other parts of the Sindh and Baluchistan provinces in abject poverty, but they rarely complain of discrimination.
The Sidi community is very poor
Although this small Muslim community is not on the verge of extinction, their growing concern is how to maintain their distinct African identity in the midst of the dominating South Asian cultures.
Centuries ago the Sidis' forefathers came to South Asia. Some say they were slaves, others think they were warriors.
The tiny community of African-Pakistanis have become fully integrated into the local way of life.
Mangopir festival
Ghulam Akbar's family members are even ardent cricket fans.
But as a Sidi elder, Mr Akbar is the custodian of an ancient tradition. And for two days every year the community's African roots come alive.
Akbar: The festival continues as it did in the time of our forefathers
A combination of celebration and prayer that has retained a distinct African beat through the centuries, the annual Mangopir festival, is held in honour of a Muslim saint near the city of Karachi.
The festival attracts people from all ethnic groups, but its colourful rituals remain the preserve of the Sidi tribe, giving it a uniquely African flavour.
"The festival that we have here continues as it did in the time of our forefathers. I think this festival is different from any other event in the world," says Mr Akbar.
Crocodile disciples
It is different indeed. The crocodiles outside the shrine are considered special disciples of the Sufi Saint Baba Mangopir, and Sidis believe they will not harm the saint's followers.
The festival kicks off as young Sidi girls come out with specially prepared offerings for the crocodiles that live near the shrine.
The devotees dance and pray together in a rising frenzy of piety
The march towards the crocodile pond begins, with elder women singing on the African drumbeat in a language that no one else can understand.
Sidis say it is a mixture of a Swahili dialect and a local language, Baluchi.
As the dancing continues, the elders from the community approach dozens of the crocodiles without any fear.
According to the ritual the elders first offer the oldest crocodile meat from a freshly sacrificed goat.
The offering is hungrily accepted, which means the coming year will pass in peace.
Roots unknown
No one can say for sure which part of Africa these people came from, or how much of these customs they brought with them.
But the Sidi festival shows how uniquely these ancient African customs have blended with Islamic mysticism in this part of the world.
For two days and nights, the devotees dance and pray together in a rising frenzy of piety and passion.
But for the Sidis, this festival is also a time to revisit their cultural heritage, and may be the only thing that still connects them to Africa.
Il ya aussi les Afro-Berberes et des Afro-Arabes qui sont cependant en Afrique biensur
5/a/Afro-Berberes de Tunisie
5/a/Afro-Berberes d'Algerie
5/b/Afro-Arabes du Maroc
5/b/Afro-Arabes de Libye