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  • Maroc-Espagne: un system de survaillance High-Tech et ses limites

    The Merits and Limitations of Spain's High-Tech Border Control

    By Jørgen Carling
    International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO)

    For more than a decade, Spanish authorities have been faced with the challenge of controlling large-scale unauthorized migration along extensive coastlines. An important part of the response has been the development of a state-of-the-art surveillance system.

    The technical aspects of the system have attracted international attention and praise from the European Union. Spain's efficacy in migration control, however, is entangled with smugglers' responses and the authorities' capacity to cope with large numbers of migrants once they have been apprehended.

    There are many parallels between the US-Mexico border and Spain's border with the countries south of the Mediterranean Sea. Both represent sharp differentials in income and standards of living, and both receive substantial migration pressure from developing countries.

    Migration pressure exists when the number of people wishing to migrate exceeds the capacity or willingness of the destination country to open its doors to immigrants. The desire to emigrate from a specific country often results from a mix of economic, social, and political factors.

    One crucial difference between the US-Mexico border and Spain's southern border is that Europe's southern borders are, by and large, maritime borders (although the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla have land borders with Morocco). A land border can — at least in theory — be controlled by erecting physical barriers to keep people out, which is not possible with maritime borders.

    Therefore, control of a maritime border is largely confined to detecting and apprehending those who enter. Spanish authorities have developed the so-called Integrated System of External Vigilance (SIVE) for performing these two tasks as efficiently as possible.

    Migration Pressure on Spain's Maritime Borders

    The two large sections of Spain's maritime borders that face Africa have experienced an increase in migration pressure: the coast of Andalucia on the Spanish mainland, and the southern and eastern coasts of the Canary Islands (see map).



    Suite http://www.migrationinformation.org/...lay.cfm?id=605

  • #2
    The Spanish government responded that SIVE was not only important because of relations with other European countries, but that the system also had an important humanitarian element. Namely, SIVE provided capacity to rescue migrants in distress and to help fight against drug smuggling.

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