Annonce

**humanbyrace** · 13 mai 2009, 11h57

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugaritic_language
The Ugaritic language, discovered by French archaeologists in 1928, is known only in the form of writings found in the lost city of Ugarit, near the modern village of Ras Shamra, Syria. It has been extremely important for scholars of the Old Testament in clarifying Biblical Hebrew texts and has revealed more of the way in which ancient Israelite culture finds parallels in the neighboring cultures.
Ugaritic was "the greatest literary discovery from antiquity since the deciphering of the Egyptian hieroglyphs and Mesopotamian cuneiform[1]". Literary texts discovered at Ugarit include the Legend of Keret, the Aqhat Epic (or Legend of Danel), the Myth of Baal-Aliyan, and the Death of Baal — the latter two are also collectively known as the Baal Cycle — all revealing a Canaanite religion.
The Ugaritic language is attested in texts from the 14th through the 12th century BC.[2] The city was destroyed in 1180/70 BC.
Ugaritic was "the greatest literary discovery from antiquity since the deciphering of the Egyptian hieroglyphs and Mesopotamian cuneiform[1]". Literary texts discovered at Ugarit include the Legend of Keret, the Aqhat Epic (or Legend of Danel), the Myth of Baal-Aliyan, and the Death of Baal — the latter two are also collectively known as the Baal Cycle — all revealing a Canaanite religion.
The Ugaritic language is attested in texts from the 14th through the 12th century BC.[2] The city was destroyed in 1180/70 BC.
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Writing System

Main article: Ugaritic alphabet

List of Ugaritic gods

The Ugaritic alphabet is a cuneiform abjad (alphabet without vowels), used from around 15th century BCE. Although it appears similar to Mesopotamian cuneiform, it was unrelated (see Ugaritic alphabet). It is the oldest example of the family of West Semitic scripts that were used for Phoenician, Hebrew, and Aramaic. The so-called long alphabet has 31 letters, while the short alphabet has 22. Other languages (particularly Hurrian) were occasionally written in it in the Ugarit area, although not elsewhere.
Clay tablets written in Ugaritic provide the earliest evidence of both the Levantine and South Semitic orders of the alphabet, which gave rise to the alphabetic orders of the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin alphabets. The script was written from left to right.

**humanbyrace** · 13 mai 2009, 12h06

Phonology
Ugaritic has 28 consonantal phonemes, including two semivowels. And eight vowel phonemes (three short vowels and five long vowels): a ā i ī u ū ē ō. (ē and ō only occur as long vowels and are the result of monophthongization of the diphthongs “ay” and “aw” respectively).
Ugaritic consonantal phonemes Labial Interdental Dental/Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
plain emphatic
Nasal m n
Stop voiceless p t tˤ k q ʔ
voiced b d g
Fricative voiceless θ s sˤ ʃ x ħ h
voiced ð z ðˤ ʒ1 ɣ2 ʕ
Trill r
Approximant l j w
1 The voiced palatal fricative ʒ occurs as a late variant of the voiced interdental fricative ð.
2 The voiced velar fricative ɣ occurs as a late variant of the emphatic voiced interdental ðˤ.

The following table shows Proto-Semitic phonemes and their correspondences among Ugaritic, Arabic and Tiberian Hebrew:
Proto-Semitic Ugaritic Arabic Tiberian Hebrew
b b ب b בּ b
p p ف f פּ p
ḏ [ð] ḏ [ð] ذ ḏ [ð] ז z
ṯ [θ] ṯ [θ] ث ṯ [θ] שׁ š [ʃ]
ẓ [ðˁ] ẓ [ðˁ] ظ ẓ [ðˁ] צ ṣ [sˁ]
d d د d דּ d
t t ت t תּ t
ṭ [tˁ] ṭ [tˁ] ط ṭ [tˁ] ט ṭ [tˁ]
š [ʃ] š [ʃ] س s שׁ š [ʃ]
z z ز z ז z
s s س s ס s
ṣ [sˁ] ṣ [sˁ] ص ṣ [sˁ] צ ṣ [sˁ]
l l ل l ל l
ś [ɬ] š [ʃ] ش š [ʃ] שׂ s
ṣ́ [ɬˁ] ṣ [sˁ] ض ḍ [ɮˁ]→[dˁ] צ ṣ [sˁ]
g [ɡ] g ج ǧ [ɡʲ]→[ʤ] גּ g
k k ك k כּ k
q [kˁ] q [kˁ] ق q [kˁ] ק q [kˁ]
ġ [ɣ] ġ [ɣ]* غ ġ [ɣ] ע ʻ [ʕ]
ḫ [x] ḫ [x] خ ḫ [x] ח ḥ [ħ]
ʻ [ʕ] ʻ [ʕ] ع ʻ [ʕ] ע ʻ [ʕ]
ḥ [ħ] ḥ [ħ] ح ḥ [ħ] ח ḥ [ħ]
ʼ [ʔ] ʼ [ʔ] ء ʼ [ʔ] א ʼ [ʔ]
h h ه h ה h
m m م m מ m
n n ن n נ n
r r ر r ר r
w w و w ו w
y [j] y [j] ي y [j] י y [j]
Proto-Semitic Ugaritic Arabic Tiberian Hebrew
* Sometimes Ugaritic ġ [ɣ] corresponds to Proto-Semitic ṣ́ [ɬˁ].

Annonce

Ressemblance frappante entre l'Arabe et l'Ugarith

Ressemblance frappante entre l'Arabe et l'Ugarith

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