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A Seismic Shift in U.S. North African Policy
By THOMAS A. NASSIF, MICHAEL USSERY, FREDERICK VREELAND, MARC GINSBERG, and MARGARET TUTWILER (Former U.S. ambassadors to Morocco)
Published: October 06, 2008
INDEPENDENCE UNREAL -- An independent Sahrawi state is not a realistic option for resolving the Western Sahara conflict and genuine autonomy under Moroccan sovereignty is the only feasible solution.
Ban Ki-Moon, secretary general of the United Nations, is expected to appoint seasoned U.S. diplomat and former U.S. Ambassador to Algeria and Syria Christopher Ross as his personal envoy for the Western Sahara. This appointment will hopefully continue the momentum of the current negotiations process to end the three decades old conflict between Morocco and the Polisario Front, an Algerian-backed rebel movement which has challenged Morocco's historical sovereignty over a Colorado-sized desert territory in North Africa (sometimes referred to as the Western Sahara.)
Despite a ceasefire that dates back to 1991, the United Nations has had little success in resolving this dispute or bringing relief to the thousands in Polisario-controlled refugee camps whose lives hang in the balance.
As former U.S. ambassadors to Morocco who closely follow U.S. policy in the region, we were encouraged by the recent significant shift in how the U.S. administration addresses this long-standing conflict between Morocco and the Polisario Front. Over the past months, the U.S. government publicly, and on several occasions, acknowledged that compromise, in the form of autonomy for the Western Sahara under Moroccan sovereignty, is the only viable and realistic solution. This new development creates real possibilities for ending the conflict in the Western Sahara, which has contributed to significant economic and political instability in North Africa.
This compromise did not appear by chance. Determined to end this conflict "from a long-gone era," as described by Morocco's King Muhammad VI, Morocco has compromised its long-established position for integrating the Sahara by offering broad-ranging autonomy consistent with international standards for self-determination. This opening enabled the Security Council to sponsor negotiations aimed at resolving the conflict and ending the humanitarian crisis for the tens of thousands of refugees held in camps around Tindouf in southwest Algeria.
Since April 2007, when Morocco presented its compromise proposal, the United Nations has mediated four rounds of negotiations between the parties, which have shown promise, but little progress. At the conclusion of the fourth round of negotiations, U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon and his then personal envoy Peter van Walsum briefed the U.N. Security Council on the status of the negotiations, after which the members unanimously opted for "realism" rather than prolonging the stalemate that has existed for more than 30 years. The United States played a significant role in this sea change, noting in its statement following the briefing, "For our part, we agree with Mr. Van Walsum's assessment that an independent Sahrawi state is not a realistic option for resolving the conflict and that genuine autonomy under Moroccan sovereignty is the only feasible solution."
This position and its subsequent elaboration by U.S. State Department and White House officials represent an enormous step forward in engaging the parties to finally resolve the Western Sahara conflict. This shift in U.S. policy, and the appointment of Ambassador Christopher Ross, may provide the impetus for overcoming the challenges that have bedeviled the U.N.'s efforts to date.
The U.S. Congress has also strongly endorsed Morocco's compromise initiative. In fact, 173 members of the House, including its bipartisan leadership and most of the members of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, signed a letter circulated by Reps. Gary Ackerman and Lincoln Diaz-Balart supporting the Moroccan initiative.
Ending the Western Sahara conflict makes sense for the parties themselves, the refugees, and U.S. national interests.
Resolving this conflict would clear the way for greater economic cooperation among the five countries of the Maghreb, which is long overdue.
The increase in terrorist activities in the region can be combated effectively only through transnational strategies based on greater cooperation between Morocco and Algeria. Algeria must be strongly encouraged to support this U.S. policy shift to support our mutual interests in the region. And giving the refugees the opportunities for normal lives, a return to their families, and an end to the isolation of the refugee camps is a goal that should be achieved sooner rather than later.
This change in U.S. policy and the support of the Security Council bring resolution of the Western Sahara conflict into the realm of the likely; we should not let this real chance for peace be squandered.
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Thomas A. Nassif, Michael Ussery, Frederick Vreeland, Marc Ginsberg, and Margaret Tutwiler served s U.S. ambassadors to Morocco under Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, William J. Clinton, and George W. Bush.
By THOMAS A. NASSIF, MICHAEL USSERY, FREDERICK VREELAND, MARC GINSBERG, and MARGARET TUTWILER (Former U.S. ambassadors to Morocco)
Published: October 06, 2008
INDEPENDENCE UNREAL -- An independent Sahrawi state is not a realistic option for resolving the Western Sahara conflict and genuine autonomy under Moroccan sovereignty is the only feasible solution.
Ban Ki-Moon, secretary general of the United Nations, is expected to appoint seasoned U.S. diplomat and former U.S. Ambassador to Algeria and Syria Christopher Ross as his personal envoy for the Western Sahara. This appointment will hopefully continue the momentum of the current negotiations process to end the three decades old conflict between Morocco and the Polisario Front, an Algerian-backed rebel movement which has challenged Morocco's historical sovereignty over a Colorado-sized desert territory in North Africa (sometimes referred to as the Western Sahara.)
Despite a ceasefire that dates back to 1991, the United Nations has had little success in resolving this dispute or bringing relief to the thousands in Polisario-controlled refugee camps whose lives hang in the balance.
As former U.S. ambassadors to Morocco who closely follow U.S. policy in the region, we were encouraged by the recent significant shift in how the U.S. administration addresses this long-standing conflict between Morocco and the Polisario Front. Over the past months, the U.S. government publicly, and on several occasions, acknowledged that compromise, in the form of autonomy for the Western Sahara under Moroccan sovereignty, is the only viable and realistic solution. This new development creates real possibilities for ending the conflict in the Western Sahara, which has contributed to significant economic and political instability in North Africa.
This compromise did not appear by chance. Determined to end this conflict "from a long-gone era," as described by Morocco's King Muhammad VI, Morocco has compromised its long-established position for integrating the Sahara by offering broad-ranging autonomy consistent with international standards for self-determination. This opening enabled the Security Council to sponsor negotiations aimed at resolving the conflict and ending the humanitarian crisis for the tens of thousands of refugees held in camps around Tindouf in southwest Algeria.
Since April 2007, when Morocco presented its compromise proposal, the United Nations has mediated four rounds of negotiations between the parties, which have shown promise, but little progress. At the conclusion of the fourth round of negotiations, U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon and his then personal envoy Peter van Walsum briefed the U.N. Security Council on the status of the negotiations, after which the members unanimously opted for "realism" rather than prolonging the stalemate that has existed for more than 30 years. The United States played a significant role in this sea change, noting in its statement following the briefing, "For our part, we agree with Mr. Van Walsum's assessment that an independent Sahrawi state is not a realistic option for resolving the conflict and that genuine autonomy under Moroccan sovereignty is the only feasible solution."
This position and its subsequent elaboration by U.S. State Department and White House officials represent an enormous step forward in engaging the parties to finally resolve the Western Sahara conflict. This shift in U.S. policy, and the appointment of Ambassador Christopher Ross, may provide the impetus for overcoming the challenges that have bedeviled the U.N.'s efforts to date.
The U.S. Congress has also strongly endorsed Morocco's compromise initiative. In fact, 173 members of the House, including its bipartisan leadership and most of the members of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, signed a letter circulated by Reps. Gary Ackerman and Lincoln Diaz-Balart supporting the Moroccan initiative.
Ending the Western Sahara conflict makes sense for the parties themselves, the refugees, and U.S. national interests.
Resolving this conflict would clear the way for greater economic cooperation among the five countries of the Maghreb, which is long overdue.
The increase in terrorist activities in the region can be combated effectively only through transnational strategies based on greater cooperation between Morocco and Algeria. Algeria must be strongly encouraged to support this U.S. policy shift to support our mutual interests in the region. And giving the refugees the opportunities for normal lives, a return to their families, and an end to the isolation of the refugee camps is a goal that should be achieved sooner rather than later.
This change in U.S. policy and the support of the Security Council bring resolution of the Western Sahara conflict into the realm of the likely; we should not let this real chance for peace be squandered.
--
Thomas A. Nassif, Michael Ussery, Frederick Vreeland, Marc Ginsberg, and Margaret Tutwiler served s U.S. ambassadors to Morocco under Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, William J. Clinton, and George W. Bush.
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