Annonce

**zek** · 14 décembre 2012, 19h31

L’Arabie saoudite entend installer plus de 50 000 MW d’énergie renouvelable (solaire, éolien et géothermie) au cours des deux prochaines décennies (soit presque deux fois la production totale d’Hydro-Québec).

Au total, ce sont plus de $500 milliards que les pays du golfe vont investir dans le solaire, l’éolien et la géothermie au cours des 20 prochaines années.

**Adama** · 14 décembre 2012, 21h22

Le point d’interrogation du titre, en fin de phrase, est totalement superflu.

^^

Citation 1 :

Saudis Could Export Solar for the Next Twenty Centuries

Susan Kraemer | April 12th, 2012

Every square meter of Saudi Arabia produces an extraordinary 7 kilowatt hours of energy daily in each 12 hours of sun power. If the Saudis were to use up each days solar energy supply, or 12,425 TWh of electricity, it would be a 72 year supply.

Put another way, in just one day, enough solar energy hits Saudi sands to power the kingdom for 72 years, according to a study made by the World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (1).

That is an extraordinary resource. It is significantly more than the rest of the world. For example: as a Californian who used a typical 15 kilowatt hours of energy a day, this means my entire home could have been fully solar powered by just 2 square meters – or about 3 feet by 6 feet – of solar panels in Saudi Arabia!

And Saudi Arabia has about 2 trillion square meters able to produce 14 trillion kilowatt hours of solar energy every sunny day – that is enough to power the world.

But of course, no country wants to be entirely devoted to energy production, least of all one that is still making good money from digging up oil, but it is indicative of the kind of money the Kingdom could be earning from solar exports rather than oil exports.

Just as it earns its vast income from oil now, it could equally well earn a similarly vast income from solar in the future. And for vast eons of time.

Transitioning to solar from oil would take an initial investment in the infrastructure, and then would yield an income stream regardless of fuel depletion, because solar is there for the long run, unlike the oil which is getting harder and harder to get out of the ground.

But it is Saudi Arabia itself which is in the best position in the world to make that transition and invest in a replacement for oil. With oil prices at $102 a barrel at today’s market price, the Saudis have over $30 trillion in underground assets.

With that much money in huge (but depleting) assets in petroleum and natural gas reserves, now is the time that Saudi Arabia should invest and become the world’s largest producer of green solar energy.

Saudi Arabia could export solar for centuries either as electricity into the Desertec grid, or as hydrogen fuel, using its tankers and pipelines.

Desertec, which will be shipping billions of kilowatt hours of desert solar energy across to Europe in the near future is becoming a reality in more MENA region nations with the addition of Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt, but the Saudis are not members of the visionary project.

Even though; unlike its poorer neighbors, it has tremendous financial assets – enough to become a leader in the project along with the giant German energy companies RWE and E.On – because it could self-fund its own Desertec infrastructure investment.

With over 250 hours of sunshine each month, Saudi Arabia is ideally located to make the most of solar power.

It even has the infrastructure already in place to be a leader in the solar-powered hydrogen economy of the future. Increasingly hydrogen researchers are turning to sustainable long term sources – wind or solar – for hydrogen production.

Solar powered hydrogen could be transported in the same pipeline and tanker infrastructure that now moves our climate-destroying oil energy around the world.

Saudi Aramco – 100% owned by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – through its affiliate, Vela Marine International Ltd, owns and operates the world’s second largest tanker fleet to help transport its crude oil production, which amounted to 3 billion barrels a year. It is a world leader in exploration, producing, refining, distribution, shipping and marketing.

Most of this infrastructure and expertise could be repurposed to transform Saudi Arabia into a solar hydrogen economy.

This infrastructure could be re-engineered to become a gigantic carrier fleet for hydrogen made with sustainable solar energy and shipped worldwide. New solar infrastructure could be added, as it has begun to do in making polysilicon from its sand.

It is Saudi Arabia that holds the key, with its unique combination of natural and financial resources, to creating a huge long-term future for the world that is based on a sustainable permanent source of energy: our sun.

1 – Lien (Click here to start download from sendspace) :

http://www.sendspace.com/file/prtna9

**Adama** · 14 décembre 2012, 21h25

Suite 1:

Citation 2 :

Saudi Arabia eyes $109bn plan for solar industry

By Bloomberg
Saturday, 12 May 2012 10:28 AM

Saudi Arabia is seeking investors in a $109bn plan to create a solar industry that generates a third of the nation’s electricity within two decades, according to officials at the government agency developing the plan.

The world’s largest crude oil exporter aims to have 41,000 megawatts of solar capacity by 2032, said Maher al-Odan, a consultant at the King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy.

Khalid al-Suliman, vice president for the organisation known as Ka-care, said that nuclear, wind and geothermal would contribute 21,000 megawatts.

“We are not only looking for building solar plants,” al-Odan said in an interview in Riyadh. “We want to run a sustainable solar energy sector that will become a driver for the domestic energy for years to come.”

The comments highlight the scale of Saudi Arabia’s ambitions to boost renewable energy use as a way to pare back on oil consumption used for domestic desalinisation and power plants, potentially saving 523,000 barrels of oil equivalent a day over the next 20 years.

For the solar panel manufacturers such as First Solar and SunPower Corp, the Saudi Arabian market would open a huge new market as European countries reduce subsidies to keep a lid on installations.

Panel sales may dip this year for the first time in more than a decade from 27,700 megawatts installed last year, according to a survey of analysts by Bloomberg on March 9.

“These markets are likely to be a lot less profitable than existing markets,” Vishal Shah, an analyst at Deutsche Bank in New York, wrote in a note to clients on Thursday, noting the Saudis may require bid winners to supply from factories built in the nation.

“It looks like both First Solar and SunPower would need to set up local manufacturing.”

Ka-care is the government agency set up in April 2010 to oversee the nation’s renewable energy strategy. Its plans are likely to be approved later this year, al-Suliman said, according to a copy of the presentation he gave on May 8.

The government is targeting 25,000 megawatts from solar thermal plants, which use mirrors to focus the sun’s rays on heating fluids that turns a power turbine. Another 16,000 megawatts would come from photovoltaic panels, according to the Deutsche Bank note.

Citing government officials, Deutsche Bank said the capacity would be added in competitive bidding starting with 1,100 megawatts of PV and 900 megawatts of solar thermal in the first quarter of 2013. A second round of bidding is due in the second half of 2014.

That tendering process would differ from the European system, where developers are granted above market rates for solar power they produce. Germany, Spain, Italy and the UK have slashed rates under those feed-in tariffs to control a surge in installations.

Saudi Arabia currently has about 3 megawatts of solar installations, trailing Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and the UAE, according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance.

“The Saudi Arabian government has a powerful incentive to diversify its energy mix to reduce dependence on oil,” said Logan Goldie-Scot, an analyst at New Energy Finance in London.

“The state could generate an internal rate of return of approximately 12 percent if it built a PV plant and sold the displaced oil on the international markets.”

The analyst is assuming initial capital costs for the solar projects of about $2.17 per watt of capacity installed.

Gulf oil producers are seeking to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels for power generation to maximize exports of valuable crude and allocate natural gas to petrochemicals production.

Ka-care estimates Saudi Arabia’s peak electricity demand will reach 121,000 megawatt in the next 20 years, with half of that power generated using hydrocarbon fuel.

Other forms of renewable energy such as nuclear, wind, geothermal, will only generate 21,000 megawatts of the peak-load required by 2032, al-Suliman said in his presentation.

The capital cost of installing the 41,000 megawatts should be around $82bn, al-Odan said.

The rest of the $109bn investment will go to train the Saudis to run the solar plants as well as for maintenance and operation, he said.

Once the strategy, which includes new regulations and financial incentives for private investors, is approved “we will start implementation directly,” al-Odan said.

Saudi Arabia may burn 850 million barrels of oil a year, or 30 percent of its crude output, to generate electricity by 2030 if doesn’t become efficient in energy consumption, Electricity & Co-Generation Regulatory Authority governor Abdullah Al-Shehri said in a presentation in Riyadh May 8.

Citation 3 :

KSA says should aim for 41 GW solar by 2032

By Reuters
Tuesday, 8 May 2012 2:42 PM

Saudi Arabia should install much more solar power over the next 20 years than any country has managed so far while building around 21 gigawatts (GW) of nuclear reactors, the body responsible for planning the Saudi energy mix said on Tuesday.

The King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy (KACARE) - set up to advise on the energy mix - has concluded the kingdom should try to build nearly 41 GW of solar capacity, enough to meet a third of expected peak power demand in 2032, while a sixth of installed capacity should come from nuclear and about half from oil and gas.

"I'm confident Saudi Arabia will approve a diversified energy mix this year," Khalid al-Sulaiman, vice president for renewable energy at KACARE, told Reuters after a presentation outlining KACARE's recommendation to the Saudi government.

KACARE said the Kingdom should aim to build 16 GW of solar photovoltaic capacity and about 25 GW of concentrated solar power capacity by 2032.

The world's largest oil producer has built a negligible amount of solar power capacity to date, less than 50 megawatts, after saying a few years ago it would become a major solar power but the target of 41,000 MW, if met, would propel it towards the top of the solar power table.

World solar leader Germany installed more than 7,000 MW in both 2010 and 2011, raising its total at the end of last year to 25,000 MW.

Solar power could help meet peak demand for power in a country where electricity surges in summer, in combination with Saudi oil and gas fired power plants.

Under most of the scenarios model led by KA-CARE, nuclear energy emerged as one of the best ways for generating "baseload" electricity, and the 21 GW target implies more reactors being built in the kingdom over the next 20 years than those currently planned by any other country other than China, India, Russia and the US, according to World Nuclear Association data.

...

**absent** · 14 décembre 2012, 21h29

Qu'il arrive first d'avoir une armé digne de son nom capable de combattre une secte comme les Huthis et a protegé leur intégrité térritoriale sans le protectorait Americano-britanique.

**Adama** · 14 décembre 2012, 21h32

Suite 2:

Citation 4 :

Saudi Arabia blazes a trail on solar power

H.E. Dr. Hashim Yamani
President King Abdullah City of Atomic and Renewable Energy (KACARE)

May 13, 2012
Vahid Fotuhi

One of the world's biggest oil producers and consumers has launched a renewable energy programme that may make Riyadh the new global hub for clean power, Vahid Fotuhi writes

In 2010, Saudi Arabia made a huge splash on the international stage when Ali Al Naimi, the oil minister, announced that "Saudi Arabia aspires to export as much solar energy in the future as it exports oil now".

Observers were not impressed. They claimed it was simply not realistic. To achieve this, Saudi Arabia would need to produce and export as much as half the world's total annual installed capacity of solar energy. It could never happen. Or could it?

Less than two years later, the kingdom has hit back at its critics by launching the most ambitious solar programme the world has ever seen.

Under the stewardship of the King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy (Ka-care), it has unveiled a detailed programme that will see it generate 41 gigawatts of solar energy over the next 20 years.

Assuming that the policy-makers in Riyadh are able to stick to their timetable, by 2032 about a quarter of the country's electricity will be produced using solar energy.

Ka-care has also set bold plans to build wind, geothermal, waste-to-energy and nuclear energy plants. This huge undertaking, worth hundreds of billions of dollars, is set to make Riyadh a global hub for clean energy investments. It would be a huge leap forward for Saudi Arabia, given that today it is among the world's top five biggest polluters on a per capita basis.

The immediate benefit of this new policy is oil savings. Saudi Arabia currently burns almost 1 million barrels of hydrocarbons each day for domestic power generation. This includes some 600,000 barrels per day of its coveted crude oil. Alarmingly, this flow is expected to rise by about 10 per cent annually.

Oil supplied to power plants domestically at the subsidised price of US$4 per barrel is oil that could otherwise have been sold on international markets at a much higher price. The Saudi Electricity and Co-Generation Regulatory Agency estimates the country loses at least Dh50 billion ($13.61bn) annually by selling oil domestically compared to what it would fetch internationally.

With its renewable energy policy now in place, the kingdom will be able to start satisfying its unparalleled thirst for power through solar-generated rather than oil-generated electricity.
Concentrated solar power plants will be installed to meet winter demand while photovoltaic power plants will be erected to crunch peak-time usage during the summer months. Each megawatt of solar power installed will be able to meet the annual electricity needs of some 50 single-family homes.

Another major benefit is job creation. Today, some 60 per cent of Saudi nationals are under 25. These youths will be looking for jobs soon. By building a world-class clean energy sector, the kingdom will ensure a steady supply of new jobs.

According to the European Photovoltaic Technology Platform, every megawatt of solar power installed creates about 50 jobs in research, manufacturing, installation, and distribution activities.

In other words, by rolling out 41 gigawatts, the kingdom will help to create, both directly and indirectly, some 2 million new jobs.

There are also important environmental benefits. Burning crude oil and derivatives thereof such as fuel oil releases harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, which is bad news not only for the citizens of Saudi Arabia but for the planet as a whole.

By adopting this ambitious programme, Saudi Arabia has set in motion steps that will see it offset approximately 44 million tonnes of carbon dioxide, equivalent to taking some 10 million cars off the road.

This will have considerable environmental and health benefits. At the same time, some 5 billion gallons of petrol would be saved, which would carry additional financial benefits.

Along the way, Saudi Arabia's clean energy investment will give life to powerful innovations such as new and more effective ways of capturing the sun's energy, as well as ways of storing that energy so that it can be consumed during periods when it's needed most.

These innovations would gradually transform Saudi Arabia from the kingpin of "dirty" energy to a global leader in sustainable energy.

The oil minister's solar aspirations might not be so unrealistic after all.

Séance plénière– Nuclear and Renewable Energy

H.E. Dr. Hashim Yamani. Président de la ‘King Abdullah City of Atomic and Renewable Energy (KACARE)’

Suite…

http://www.algerie-dz.com/forums/sho...12&postcount=2

Lien ancien post :

« L’Arabie Saoudite et la Chine signent un accord stratégique dans le nucléaire. »

http://www.algerie-dz.com/forums/sho...08&postcount=1

**absent** · 14 décembre 2012, 22h27

Adama,

Comment un pays qui pretend produire de l'energie renouvelable n'a pas une armée et est tjs sous la protectoriat Americano-Britanique?

**Adama** · 14 décembre 2012, 22h38

@yarmoracen

^^

Ceci, c’est tout d’abord pour les fameux ‘Houthis’.

Citation 1 :

Dazzling new weapons require new rules for war

By David Ignatius
Thursday, November 11, 2010

A new arsenal of drones and satellite-guided weapons is changing the nature of warfare. America and its NATO allies possess these high-tech weapons, but smaller countries want them, too. Here's an inside glimpse of how the process of technology transfer works:

A year ago, Saudi Arabia was fighting a nasty border war against the Houthi rebels across its frontier with Yemen. The Saudis began bombing Houthi targets inside Yemen on Nov. 5, 2009, but the airstrikes were inaccurate, and there were reports of civilian casualties.

The Saudis appealed to America for imagery from U.S. surveillance satellites in space, so they could target more precisely. Gen. David Petraeus, who was Centcom commander at the time, is said to have backed the Saudi request, but it was opposed by the State Department and others. They warned that intervening in this border conflict, even if only by providing targeting information, could violate the laws of war.

So the Saudis turned elsewhere for help - to France, which has its own reconnaissance satellites. The French, who were worried that imprecise Saudi bombing was creating too many civilian casualties in Yemen, agreed to help. The necessary details were arranged within days.

When French President Nicolas Sarkozy visited Riyadh on Nov. 17, he was ready to open the new intelligence liaison channel. A Saudi official recalls that by the first night of Sarkozy's visit, detailed pictures of the Yemeni battle space began to move electronically to the Saudis.

Using this precise satellite intelligence, the Saudis were able to monitor the Houthis' hideouts, equipment dumps and training sites. Saudi warplanes then attacked with devastating effectiveness. Within a few weeks, the Houthis were requesting a truce, and by February this chapter of the border war was over.

For the Saudis, this was an important military success. "The French were extremely helpful" and their assistance "was a key reason we were able to force the Houthis to capitulate," says a Saudi official.

The Washington Post

...

Et ça, c’est pour tout le reste.

http://www.algerie-dz.com/forums/sho...28&postcount=7

http://www.algerie-dz.com/forums/sho...31&postcount=8

Citation 2 :

Des forces speciales saoudiennes en Corse

Jeudi 20 Septembre 2012, Jean-Dominique Merchet

Un exercice conjoint des forces spéciales françaises et saoudiennes aura lieu en Corse du 1er au 18 octobre, à partir de la base de Solenzara. Après la montée en puissance, l'exercice proprement dit, (Field tactictal training, en français militaire...) aura lieu du 9 au 18.

Baptisé "Tigre 2", il impliquera des moyens importants, dont plusieurs hélicoptères saoudiens Black Hawk. Tigre 1 avait eu l'an passé en Arabie. Cet exercice du COS est conjoint avec le rendez-vous annuel de la BFST (Brigade des forces spéciales Terre), "Gorgones" qui se déroulait généralement à Caylus (Tarn-et-Garonne). L'an passé, une délégation saoudienne avait assisté à Gorgones, ce qui l'a visiblement convaincue. Tigre 2 n'est pas un exercice purement terrestre : des moyens de la Marine et de l'Armée de l'air seront également engagés. Discrète, la coopération française avec les forces spéciales du Moyen-Orient est très active, que ce soit avec la Jordanie, le Qatar, les Emirats ou l'Arabie saoudite. Tigre 2 est la première "projection de forces" saoudienne en Europe.

Marianne 2

Citation 3 :

Relations franco-saoudiennes: exercice conjoint des forces speciales en Corse

Mise à jour: 20/09/2012 16:38

« Du 1er au 18 octobre 2012 aura lieu un exercice conjoint franco-saoudien sur la base aérienne de Solenzara en Corse. Il mobilisera plus de 1000 militaires français et saoudiens. »

Cet exercice s’inscrit dans le cadre général de l’exercice Gorgones organisé chaque année par la brigade des forces spéciales Terre (BFST). Baptisé Tigre 2, il intègre la dimension interarmées en combinant les trois dimensions « Terre », « Mer » et « Air », sous les ordres du commandement des opérations spéciales (COS).

Tigre 2 devrait permettre la mise en œuvre des savoir-faire propres aux forces spéciales et la mise en commun de procédés spécifiques.

Les éléments français participant à Tigre 2 sont des unités appartenant au COS, dont la BFST: le 1er régiment parachutiste d’infanterie de marine (1er RPIMa), le 13e régiment de dragons parachutistes (13e RDP), le 4e régiment d’hélicoptère forces spéciales (4e RHFS) et des commandos marine, des commandos de l’air et l’escadron de transport Poitou.

Brigade des forces spéciales terre (BFST)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_...Forces_Brigade

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigade...A9ciales_terre

Commandement des opérations spéciales (COS)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command...Sp%C3%A9ciales

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command...sp%C3%A9ciales

**AARROU** · 14 décembre 2012, 23h05

Apparemment tous les soldats Saoudiens ne connaissent pas Adama,sinon ils ne se plaindraient pas !!!!!!

Annonce

L’arabie saoudite, future puissance solaire ?

L’arabie saoudite, future puissance solaire ?

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