Voilà pourquoi le prince Mohammed est certain que d'ici 2020, le royaume pourrait survivre sans pétrole parce qu'une grosse partie des investissement colossaux ont déjà étaient fait bien avant la chute du pétrole.
Despite boasting 16 per cent of the world’s proven oil reserves, more than any country other than Venezuela, Saudi Arabia is following the lead of other Middle Eastern states in diversifying its economy towards non-oil-based sectors
Currently, the hydrocarbons sector accounts for approximately 75 per cent of revenues, 50 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) and 90 per cent of export earnings, according to oil producers’ group Opec. About 40 per cent of GDP, which stands at $746bn, originates from the private sector.
Saudi Arabia’s economy is ranked 82nd most open in the 2013 Index of Economic Freedom published by the UK’s Heritage Foundation think tank. It comes eighth out of the 15 countries included from the Middle East and North Africa. The country leads Opec and joined the World Trade Organisation in 2005. Foreign direct investment inflow was about $12.2bn in 2012, according to UNCTAD.
Saudi Arabia has already established numerous economic cities, with industrial output comprising more than 90 per cent of the kingdom’s non-oil exports. Sectors include petrochemicals, plastics, metal, construction materials and electrical appliance manufacturing.
Jubail Industrial City focuses on hydrocarbons and is home to most of the kingdom’s heavy industry. Located in the Eastern Province, the city hosts petrochemicals and fertiliser plants, oil refineries and steel works. Yanbu Industrial City also facilitates large-scale oil refining and petrochemicals production, and is within reach of the Suez Canal.
Ras al-Khair Minerals City is currently under construction and, when complete, will comprise a fertiliser complex, aluminium smelter and conversion facilities, and a sea port. The city is expected to export 4.3 million tonnes of mineral derivatives a year. Also being developed is a $7bn oil refinery at Jizan Economic City, with the capacity to process 400,000 barrels a day.
The largest of the six new economic cities being built is the $27bn logistics-focused King Abdullah Economic City in Rabigh, which will be linked by high-speed rail to nearby Jeddah, Medina and Mecca. The kingdom announced the launch of King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy (KA-Care) in 2010.
Almost 30 economic cities are operated by the Saudi Industrial Property Authority (Modon).
Free zone list
Jubail Industrial City
Yanbu Industrial City
Ras al-Khair Minerals City
Jizan Economic City
King Abdullah Economic City
King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy
Modon Industrial Cities
Sudair City for Industry and Businesses
Jeddah First Industrial City
Jeddah Second Industrial City
Al-Madina al-Munawwara
Tabuk
Hail Industrial City
Jizan
Riyadh Second Industrial City
Dammam First Industrial City
Dammam Second Industrial City
Mecca al-Mukarrama
Al-Qassim First Industrial City
Al-Jouf
Al-Ahser First Industrial City
Riyadh Third Industrial City
Fast facts
Saudi Arabia’s six new economic cities are being built at a cost of $60bn.
The new cities are expected to contribute $150bn to the economy.
When complete, Ras al-Khair Minerals City will export 4.3 million tonnes of mineral derivatives a year.
The logistics-led King Abdullah Economic City is costing $27bn to build.
Jubail Industrial City
Jubail is the largest industrial city in Saudi Arabia, and the biggest industrial centre of its kind in the world. Located in the oil-rich Eastern Province on the Gulf coast, it is primarily aimed at energy-intensive industries. Jubail produces about 7 per cent of the world’s petrochemicals.
The Royal Commission for Jubail & Yanbu (RCJ&Y) runs the city, which accounts for 70 per cent of the kingdom’s non-petroleum exports. Large companies, such as Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (Sabic) and Saudi Aramco, dominate the city.
An extension, Jubail 2, is set to double the city’s industrial footprint to 110 square kilometres. There are currently 70,000 residents in Jubail, and the RCJ&Y is courting investment in conversion industries that can take feedstock from the larger plants to turn into saleable products.
An area of Jubail 2 will be reserved for smaller converters, and a plastics complex is to be developed next to the $20bn petrochemicals complex being built by Sadara Petrochemicals Company, a joint venture of Aramco and the US’ Dow Chemicals.
Facilities
There are full port facilities at Jubail. The Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu provides utilities.
Benefits
Tax holidays
Customs exemptions
Cheap land and utilities
Industries
Hydrocarbons
Power and water
Petrochemicals
Fertilisers
Oil refining
Steel
Plastics
Yanbu Industrial City
Yanbu is located 350km north of Jeddah and more than 1,000km from Saudi Arabia’s oil fields, but within reach of key export markets in Europe and North America.
It has a population of almost 200,000 and is home to large-scale oil refining and petrochemicals production plants, as well as a developing base of conversion industries.
Aramco has extensive refining operations at Yanbu, while Sabic operates several petrochemicals units. The RCJ&Y hopes to attract smaller conversion industries, including from the plastics, metals and oil refining sectors, to create jobs around the heavy industrial plants. It also plans to develop a strong non-oil sector based on the output of nearby phosphates, copper, iron ore and gypsum mines.
Facilities
Feedstock is transported by pipeline from the Eastern Province and the kingdom’s second-largest port can handle up to 3 million barrels a day (b/d) of hydrocarbon products.
Benefits
Tax holidays
Customs exemptions
Cheap land and utilities
Availability of feedstock and minerals
Located on Red Sea coast, close to Suez Canal
Industries
Oil refining
Petrochemicals
Plastics
Metals
Yanbu costs
Retail space rental: From SR350/sq m a year
Office space rental: From SR400/sq m a year
Industrial land rental: From $1.20/sq m a year
Electricity: From $0.039/kWh
Water: From $1.76/cubic metre
Diesel: From $0.096/litre
Liquid gas: From $0.75/million BTUs
Industrial fuel oil: From $0.033/litre
Ras al-Khair Minerals City
Also known as Minerals Industrial City, Ras al-Khair lies 60km north of Jubail and is also being developed by the RCJ&Y. It will house a fertiliser complex, integrated aluminium facility and a port when it is completed. The anchor tenant Saudi Arabian Mining Company (Maaden) expects 27,000 jobs to be created when its projects are operational.
Facilities
The majority of the city’s infrastructure is now in place, with most roads completed as well as the North-South Railway to bauxite and phosphate mines in the north. Saudi Ports Authority expects more than 4.3 million tonnes a year (t/y) of mineral derivative exports from the port, as well as exports of downstream aluminium products. A 2,800MW combined-cycle power plant and a 296 million-gallon-a-day water desalination plant are under construction.
Benefits
Rail, road and marine links
Low cost of building aluminium conversion plants: $100m-150m could build a 50,000-t/y plant to produce automotive parts or aluminium foil
Full technical support from Maaden and Sabic
Preferential rates for rent and utilities
Loans available from the Saudi Industrial Development Fund
Industries
Fertilisers
Aluminium
Conversion industries
Jizan Economic City (JEC)
JEC is in the southwest of Saudi Arabia, one of the kingdom’s most deprived areas with few natural resources save fishing and food processing. The 103 sq km city is overseen by the Saudi Arabian Investment Authority (Sagia).
Facilities
Saudi Aramco is now the driving force behind the development of the city. It is building a 400,00 barrel-a-day refinery, a 2,600MW integrated gasification combined-cycle power plant and is also steering development of the port facilities
The local Solb Steel started production in 2012 at its JEC plant, which has a capacity 1 million tonnes a year (t/y) of billets and 500,000 t/y of rebar.
Industries
Metals
Oil refining
Food processing
Sagia costs
Industrial city rental: SR1-2/sq m a year
Electricity: From SR12/kWh
Water: From SR0.10/cubic metre
www.sagia.gov.sa
Tel: (+966) 1 203 5555
La suite...........
Despite boasting 16 per cent of the world’s proven oil reserves, more than any country other than Venezuela, Saudi Arabia is following the lead of other Middle Eastern states in diversifying its economy towards non-oil-based sectors
Currently, the hydrocarbons sector accounts for approximately 75 per cent of revenues, 50 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) and 90 per cent of export earnings, according to oil producers’ group Opec. About 40 per cent of GDP, which stands at $746bn, originates from the private sector.
Saudi Arabia’s economy is ranked 82nd most open in the 2013 Index of Economic Freedom published by the UK’s Heritage Foundation think tank. It comes eighth out of the 15 countries included from the Middle East and North Africa. The country leads Opec and joined the World Trade Organisation in 2005. Foreign direct investment inflow was about $12.2bn in 2012, according to UNCTAD.
Saudi Arabia has already established numerous economic cities, with industrial output comprising more than 90 per cent of the kingdom’s non-oil exports. Sectors include petrochemicals, plastics, metal, construction materials and electrical appliance manufacturing.
Jubail Industrial City focuses on hydrocarbons and is home to most of the kingdom’s heavy industry. Located in the Eastern Province, the city hosts petrochemicals and fertiliser plants, oil refineries and steel works. Yanbu Industrial City also facilitates large-scale oil refining and petrochemicals production, and is within reach of the Suez Canal.
Ras al-Khair Minerals City is currently under construction and, when complete, will comprise a fertiliser complex, aluminium smelter and conversion facilities, and a sea port. The city is expected to export 4.3 million tonnes of mineral derivatives a year. Also being developed is a $7bn oil refinery at Jizan Economic City, with the capacity to process 400,000 barrels a day.
The largest of the six new economic cities being built is the $27bn logistics-focused King Abdullah Economic City in Rabigh, which will be linked by high-speed rail to nearby Jeddah, Medina and Mecca. The kingdom announced the launch of King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy (KA-Care) in 2010.
Almost 30 economic cities are operated by the Saudi Industrial Property Authority (Modon).
Free zone list
Jubail Industrial City
Yanbu Industrial City
Ras al-Khair Minerals City
Jizan Economic City
King Abdullah Economic City
King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy
Modon Industrial Cities
Sudair City for Industry and Businesses
Jeddah First Industrial City
Jeddah Second Industrial City
Al-Madina al-Munawwara
Tabuk
Hail Industrial City
Jizan
Riyadh Second Industrial City
Dammam First Industrial City
Dammam Second Industrial City
Mecca al-Mukarrama
Al-Qassim First Industrial City
Al-Jouf
Al-Ahser First Industrial City
Riyadh Third Industrial City
Fast facts
Saudi Arabia’s six new economic cities are being built at a cost of $60bn.
The new cities are expected to contribute $150bn to the economy.
When complete, Ras al-Khair Minerals City will export 4.3 million tonnes of mineral derivatives a year.
The logistics-led King Abdullah Economic City is costing $27bn to build.
Jubail Industrial City
Jubail is the largest industrial city in Saudi Arabia, and the biggest industrial centre of its kind in the world. Located in the oil-rich Eastern Province on the Gulf coast, it is primarily aimed at energy-intensive industries. Jubail produces about 7 per cent of the world’s petrochemicals.
The Royal Commission for Jubail & Yanbu (RCJ&Y) runs the city, which accounts for 70 per cent of the kingdom’s non-petroleum exports. Large companies, such as Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (Sabic) and Saudi Aramco, dominate the city.
An extension, Jubail 2, is set to double the city’s industrial footprint to 110 square kilometres. There are currently 70,000 residents in Jubail, and the RCJ&Y is courting investment in conversion industries that can take feedstock from the larger plants to turn into saleable products.
An area of Jubail 2 will be reserved for smaller converters, and a plastics complex is to be developed next to the $20bn petrochemicals complex being built by Sadara Petrochemicals Company, a joint venture of Aramco and the US’ Dow Chemicals.
Facilities
There are full port facilities at Jubail. The Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu provides utilities.
Benefits
Tax holidays
Customs exemptions
Cheap land and utilities
Industries
Hydrocarbons
Power and water
Petrochemicals
Fertilisers
Oil refining
Steel
Plastics
Yanbu Industrial City
Yanbu is located 350km north of Jeddah and more than 1,000km from Saudi Arabia’s oil fields, but within reach of key export markets in Europe and North America.
It has a population of almost 200,000 and is home to large-scale oil refining and petrochemicals production plants, as well as a developing base of conversion industries.
Aramco has extensive refining operations at Yanbu, while Sabic operates several petrochemicals units. The RCJ&Y hopes to attract smaller conversion industries, including from the plastics, metals and oil refining sectors, to create jobs around the heavy industrial plants. It also plans to develop a strong non-oil sector based on the output of nearby phosphates, copper, iron ore and gypsum mines.
Facilities
Feedstock is transported by pipeline from the Eastern Province and the kingdom’s second-largest port can handle up to 3 million barrels a day (b/d) of hydrocarbon products.
Benefits
Tax holidays
Customs exemptions
Cheap land and utilities
Availability of feedstock and minerals
Located on Red Sea coast, close to Suez Canal
Industries
Oil refining
Petrochemicals
Plastics
Metals
Yanbu costs
Retail space rental: From SR350/sq m a year
Office space rental: From SR400/sq m a year
Industrial land rental: From $1.20/sq m a year
Electricity: From $0.039/kWh
Water: From $1.76/cubic metre
Diesel: From $0.096/litre
Liquid gas: From $0.75/million BTUs
Industrial fuel oil: From $0.033/litre
Ras al-Khair Minerals City
Also known as Minerals Industrial City, Ras al-Khair lies 60km north of Jubail and is also being developed by the RCJ&Y. It will house a fertiliser complex, integrated aluminium facility and a port when it is completed. The anchor tenant Saudi Arabian Mining Company (Maaden) expects 27,000 jobs to be created when its projects are operational.
Facilities
The majority of the city’s infrastructure is now in place, with most roads completed as well as the North-South Railway to bauxite and phosphate mines in the north. Saudi Ports Authority expects more than 4.3 million tonnes a year (t/y) of mineral derivative exports from the port, as well as exports of downstream aluminium products. A 2,800MW combined-cycle power plant and a 296 million-gallon-a-day water desalination plant are under construction.
Benefits
Rail, road and marine links
Low cost of building aluminium conversion plants: $100m-150m could build a 50,000-t/y plant to produce automotive parts or aluminium foil
Full technical support from Maaden and Sabic
Preferential rates for rent and utilities
Loans available from the Saudi Industrial Development Fund
Industries
Fertilisers
Aluminium
Conversion industries
Jizan Economic City (JEC)
JEC is in the southwest of Saudi Arabia, one of the kingdom’s most deprived areas with few natural resources save fishing and food processing. The 103 sq km city is overseen by the Saudi Arabian Investment Authority (Sagia).
Facilities
Saudi Aramco is now the driving force behind the development of the city. It is building a 400,00 barrel-a-day refinery, a 2,600MW integrated gasification combined-cycle power plant and is also steering development of the port facilities
The local Solb Steel started production in 2012 at its JEC plant, which has a capacity 1 million tonnes a year (t/y) of billets and 500,000 t/y of rebar.
Industries
Metals
Oil refining
Food processing
Sagia costs
Industrial city rental: SR1-2/sq m a year
Electricity: From SR12/kWh
Water: From SR0.10/cubic metre
www.sagia.gov.sa
Tel: (+966) 1 203 5555
La suite...........
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