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comme je ne connaissais que le kabyle à l'époque et que cette chanson je ne la connaissais pas bien, je mélangeais avec qlqs mots de la chanson d'Ait Menguellet Djamila
La prof s'est rendue compte, elle m'a dit : rajoute d'autres mots de Slimane Azem pendant que tu y es.
Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. John F. Kennedy
Passez une bonne soirée les amis
Et pour ma Makhlouka
Muwashahat and Jarcha
A. Background:
1. oldest lyric poetry in a romance language (XI y XII centuries); Samuel Stern discovered them in 1948; hidden due to lack of vowels
2. of popular origen
3. final verses written in mozarabic (vernacular spoken in Al-Andalus)
4. ending of a much longer poem written in classical Arabic or Hebrew called:
a Muwashahat
1. lyric poem that flourished in Al-Andalus
2. written in classical arabic or hebrew
2. strophic poem consisting of 5 strophes
3. rhyme scheme: AAABB, CCCBB, DDDBB, EEE[BB]
4. the final pair is the jarcha, written in mozarabic.
5. **NOTE: the Muwashahat and the other poetic form called zajal are not native to the arabic poetic tradition due to its form (strophic poem with vocalic rhyme, two characteristics not permitted arabic poetry). Very much a poetry of Al-Andalus.
C. Composition of the Muwashahat
1. Series of social and linguistic oppositions: --classical arabic/hebrew vs vernacular; official vs popular; male vs female voice --thus forming a series of dialectics indicative of the complex socio-cultural situation of Al-Andalus.
2. Learned poets would make use of popular poetry (jarchas) for inspiration in the creation of the Muwashahat.
3. Dialogic voices of two forms within a single unified whole:
a. many times the theme of the muwashahat is a panegyric (homage) placed in the male voice and directed toward a patron or protector, or as an expression of homosexual/heterosexual love.
b. la jarcha in the female voice expresses in popular form concepts of love or also the idea that the poet is without the protection of his patron
E. Aspects of the jarchas
1. feminine voice directed to the usually absent lover, or to another female (mother, sister, friend)
2. Unrequited love, sadness at absence of lover, love's suffering
3. Images include love as a sickness, an urban environment, heartache, the dawn, light of day
4, A simple style, brief with a question or exclamation
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